Water Treatment for Power Generation: In January of 2016 Quantum Filtration Medium conducted a series of site visits to assess the options for upgrading the water treatment plant supplying water to the Kuala Langat Power Plant (KLPP). The goal was to highlight low cost options with a low impact on plant serviceability to increase the plant performance, efficiency and reliability, and ability to better cope with the seasonal load changes experienced in the raw water supply.
The operation of KLPP has begun since 1996 using combined cycle gas turbine and the plant is currently contributing 675MW of electricity generation capacity to the grid. The ability of the plant to supply electricity to the grid according to its obligation under the Power Purchase Agreement depends on a number of factors including reliable clean water supply for the purpose of cooling. On average, KLPP draws 20,000 cubic meters of treated water for its daily operation. For optimal operation and life of the plant, the water needs to be as clean as possible with low content of organic or inorganic substance that would impact the plant operation.
There are four mains areas of the plant where the potential for considerable improvements were identified.
• The possibility of adding bore water to the raw water supply
• Clarification of the raw water before entering the plant
• Optimisation of the flocculent/polymer dosing program (inc. type and dosing rate)
• Changing of the media in the rapid sand filters to DMI65®
BORE WATER ADDITION
It was suggested that the area surrounding the plant be assessed for suitability and potential quality and quantity of several bores to add to the plant raw water supply. The addition of bores would not only provide greater flexibility in terms of seasonal blending with river water to ensure sufficient quantities of water in the dry season, could also be used to lower suspended solids and turbidity loadings on the plant during the wet season.
There is a likelihood that there will be traces of iron and manganese in the bore water, but the use of DMI65 filtration media will remove this and provide an improvement to the usual mechanical filtration duties.
CLARIFICATION
The high turbidity and suspended solids levels in the raw water could be greatly reduced by clarification prior to entering the water treatment plant. The existing plant is fixed in size and capacity, however a pre-clarification stage will dramatically reduce the load on the current plant.
A traditional clarifier and upstream floc/polymer dosing system to handle 1ML/hr would cost well over USD $1M and take up a considerable land area to install and was therefore not practical in this case. With a very low retention time this type of system would also require very high chemical usage.
POLYMER OPTIMISATION
A range of polymer samples were supplied during the site visit. Jar testing has been carried out using the range of samples and highlighted a particular polymer most suited to this raw water. A local polymer supply company is able to supply a very similar product in powdered form and at a very reasonable price that would suit the mixing/batching system mentioned above.
MEDIA CHANGE-OUT IN RAPID SAND FILTERS
During our visit one of the rapid sand filters was drained for inspection. The sand in the filters has never been changed and is now very hard-packed and is in need of replacement. The filter was filled whilst we were watching and the infiltration rate of the incoming water was very poor with most of the water just flowing across over the top of the sand and down through cracks in the hard packed sand rather than down through it. We proposed to replace the media with DMI65® filtration media.
The DMI65 will remove the existing and cope with any rise in iron or manganese levels that can be encountered in raw water sources with varying quality. The DMI65 requires a low level of free chlorine (0.2-0.3mg/L) to activate the media. This is easily achieved as it only requires moving of the existing chlorine dosing point to just prior to the media filters. The chlorine residual will remain and still act as disinfection for the treated water lagoon.
The DMI65® also provides the perfect filtration coefficient resulting in excellent mechanical filtration lowering suspended solids and turbidity levels.
The addition of the DMI media and replacement of the filtration nozzles improved not only the quality of water from the media filters, but also the quantity of water through the filters.
Sample Results
With a peak NTU of 1000 and an average inlet TSS of 286 you can see that the outlet of lagoon B has been maintained generally around 80 NTU with an average of 86 NTU.
OVERALL PLANT OUTPUT
The results from the plant post media filters after the replacement of the old sand media with the new DMI65 media have been consistently excellent.
The expected results from the media filters after the upgrade were:
TSS < 5mg/L
Turbidity < 2 NTU
Sample Results
Media Filter Performance – NTU In Vs Out
Summary
Quantum believes that the upgrade has been a success, addressing the main objectives of the upgrade with excellent results.
George Municipal Water Works, South Africa, uses over 550 metric tonnes of DMI-65®. George water is highly coloured containing Humic and Fulvic acids – the raw water colour is approx. 800 PtCo colour units. This type of water is believed to be one of the most difficult to filter. Iron removal is very effective regardless of the pH. The highest residual iron found was 0.01 mg/L. Manganese removal is also very efficient. The highest remaining manganese found was 0.06 mg/l Mn is best removed at higher pH 8. The additional benefit of aluminium removal even at the higher pH. The highest turbidity recorded was 0.06 NTU. According to our laboratory tests the highest colour was 4 mg/l PtCo but most of the time the colour was lower than the colour of the distilled water bought from a pharmacy in George. The plant has been running since the beginning of January 2007 and continues to have excellent results. George Municipal Water Works, uses the same DMI-65® filter media for over 13 years, without failure or decrease in performance.
The Witbank Municipal Water Treatment Plant in Durban, South Africa consists of 18 large rapid sand filters utilizing 1200 tonnes of filter media to remove iron and manganese from the local ground water source. Local water treatment specialists and DMI-65® agent, Water Technologies Cape, demonstrated the performance and cost benefits of upgrading the system to DMI-65®, by successful pilot trial in 2018. Upgrades to the plant commenced in 2019 and expected to be completed by the end of 2020.
Case Studies for Water Treatment in the Power Generation Industry
Upgrading a water treatment plant to ensure optimal water quality
Quantum Filtration Medium (Quantum) conducted a series of site visits to assess options for upgrading the water treatment plant (WTP) supplying the Kuala Langat Power Plant (KLPP) in Malaysia. The goal was to highlight low-cost options with a low impact on plant serviceability, while increasing the WTP’s performance, efficiency, reliability and ability to cope with…
